Corporate Issuers
Corporate Issuers in short lessons: organizational forms, stakeholders and governance, working capital and liquidity, capital investments, capital structure and business models, with worked examples, charts and exam traps.
My deck- 01
Organizational Forms, Corporate Issuer Features, and OwnershipLocked: included in All Access
How businesses are legally organised (sole proprietorships, general, limited and limited liability partnerships, private and public limited companies) and how the forms differ on legal identity, owner-manager relations, liability, taxation and access to financing; the key features of corporate issuers, including double taxation; and how publicly and privately owned issuers differ, how companies go public or private, and who owns corporations.
- Sole proprietorships and partnershipsLocked: included in All Access13 min
- Limited companies and comparing all the formsLocked: included in All Access14 min
- Key features of corporate issuersLocked: included in All Access13 min
- Corporate taxation and double taxationLocked: included in All Access12 min
- Publicly versus privately owned corporate issuersLocked: included in All Access13 min
- Going public, going private and who owns corporationsLocked: included in All Access14 min
- 02
Investors and Other StakeholdersLocked: included in All Access
Who has a claim on a company and what each party wants: how debt and equity differ in priority, risk and return, why leverage magnifies shareholder results and creates conflicts with lenders, how the shareholder and stakeholder theories of governance differ, what each stakeholder group (investors, board, managers, employees, customers, suppliers, governments) expects, and how investors analyse environmental, social and governance (ESG) factors.
- Debt and equity: two different claimsLocked: included in All Access12 min
- Leverage: higher return, higher riskVideo · 6 minLocked: included in All Access14 min
- Payoffs and conflicts between lenders and shareholdersVideo · 6 minLocked: included in All Access13 min
- Shareholder versus stakeholder theoryLocked: included in All Access12 min
- The stakeholder groups in detailLocked: included in All Access15 min
- ESG factors: environmental, social and governanceLocked: included in All Access14 min
- Evaluating ESG risks and opportunitiesLocked: included in All Access11 min
- 03
Corporate Governance: Conflicts, Mechanisms, Risks, and BenefitsLocked: included in All Access
How corporate governance handles conflicts of interest: principal-agent relationships and agency costs, the ways managers, controlling shareholders and creditors can work against other stakeholders, the mechanisms that keep those conflicts in check (reporting, shareholder meetings and activism, takeovers, bond indentures, board committees, labour law, contracts and governance codes), and the operational, legal, reputational and financial risks of weak governance versus the benefits of strong governance.
- Principal-agent relationships and agency costsVideo · 5 minLocked: included in All Access12 min
- Managers versus shareholders: five ways interests divergeLocked: included in All Access13 min
- Controlling versus minority shareholders, and shareholders versus creditorsLocked: included in All Access13 min
- Reporting, shareholder meetings, activism and takeoversLocked: included in All Access14 min
- Creditor protections and board committeesLocked: included in All Access14 min
- Employees, customers, suppliers and governmentsLocked: included in All Access11 min
- Risks of weak governance and benefits of strong governanceLocked: included in All Access14 min
- 04
Working Capital and LiquidityLocked: included in All Access
How long cash is tied up between paying suppliers and collecting from customers (the cash conversion cycle), how working capital is measured, what makes an issuer liquid, how analysts compare liquidity with the current, quick and cash ratios, and how issuers choose a conservative, moderate or aggressive approach to working capital and short-term funding.
- The operating cycle and the cash conversion cycleVideo · 6 minLocked: included in All Access13 min
- Shortening the cycle and the cost of trade creditVideo · 6 minLocked: included in All Access13 min
- Total and net working capitalLocked: included in All Access11 min
- Liquidity and its primary and secondary sourcesLocked: included in All Access13 min
- Drags, pulls and liquidity ratiosVideo · 6 minLocked: included in All Access13 min
- Conservative, moderate and aggressive working capitalVideo · 5 minLocked: included in All Access14 min
- Short-term funding strategyLocked: included in All Access11 min
- 05
Capital Investments and Capital AllocationLocked: included in All Access
How companies spend money on long-lived assets and decide which projects deserve it: the four types of capital investment, the capital allocation process, how to compute and interpret NPV, IRR and ROIC, the principles that keep project analysis honest, the cognitive and behavioural pitfalls analysts should watch for, and the real options that give management flexibility after the first decision.
- Types of capital investmentsLocked: included in All Access12 min
- The capital allocation process and NPVVideo · 6 minLocked: included in All Access14 min
- IRR, and choosing between IRR and NPVVideo · 6 minLocked: included in All Access13 min
- Return on invested capital (ROIC)Video · 6 minLocked: included in All Access13 min
- Principles of capital allocationLocked: included in All Access12 min
- Capital allocation pitfallsLocked: included in All Access13 min
- Real optionsVideo · 6 minLocked: included in All Access13 min
- 06
Capital StructureLocked: included in All Access
How companies choose their mix of debt and equity: calculating and interpreting the weighted-average cost of capital, how the business model and life-cycle stage set the amount and type of financing, which market and issuer-specific factors drive the costs of debt and equity, the Modigliani-Miller propositions with and without taxes, the costs of financial distress, and how optimal and target capital structures, the pecking order and agency costs shape real financing decisions.
- The cost of capital and WACCVideo · 6 minLocked: included in All Access14 min
- How much financing, and what kind: business model and life cycleLocked: included in All Access13 min
- What drives the costs of debt and equityLocked: included in All Access14 min
- Modigliani-Miller without taxes: capital structure irrelevanceVideo · 6 minLocked: included in All Access13 min
- Modigliani-Miller with taxes, and the cost of financial distressVideo · 6 minLocked: included in All Access14 min
- Optimal and target capital structures, pecking order and agency costsVideo · 6 minLocked: included in All Access15 min
- 07
Business ModelsLocked: included in All Access
What a business model is and how analysts read one: the customers (who), the offering (what and why), the channels (where), the pricing (how much) and the organisation and value chain (how), plus the profit logic behind them; the main pricing models; the conventional business models and their variations; and how business model innovation, digital technology, network effects and platforms reshape industries.
- What a business model describes: customers and offeringLocked: included in All Access13 min
- Channels: how the offering reaches customersLocked: included in All Access12 min
- Pricing: power, premiums and price discriminationLocked: included in All Access14 min
- Bundles, razors, freemium and subscriptionsLocked: included in All Access13 min
- Value proposition, value chain and profitabilityLocked: included in All Access14 min
- Conventional business models and their variationsLocked: included in All Access14 min
- Business model innovation, network effects and platformsLocked: included in All Access13 min